Selenium is a suite of tools that can be used for automating web browsers. It provides a set of libraries and tools to interact with web elements and automate web applications.
- Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Selenium IDE is a record-and-playback tool that allows you to record your interactions with the web application and generate a test script. It is a Firefox extension and can be used to record the user interactions and export them as test scripts in various programming languages.
- Selenium WebDriver: Selenium WebDriver is a programming interface that allows you to write test scripts in various programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript. It communicates with the web browser through browser-specific browser drivers such as ChromeDriver, GeckoDriver, EdgeDriver, and SafariDriver. WebDriver provides a rich set of APIs for interacting with web elements, performing actions such as clicking, typing, and selecting, and verifying web elements’ state.
- Selenium Grid: Selenium Grid is a tool used for parallel execution of test scripts on multiple machines simultaneously. It allows you to distribute the test cases across multiple machines, which reduces the test execution time.
- Selenium Remote Control (RC): Selenium RC is an older version of Selenium that is now deprecated. It was used to execute tests on remote machines and supported multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, C#, and Ruby. However, it has now been replaced by Selenium WebDriver.
- Selenium Options: Selenium Options is a class that provides options for configuring the behaviour of the WebDriver. It provides methods for configuring options such as proxy settings, timeouts, and browser-specific options.
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These are the primary components of Selenium, and each component serves a specific purpose in the Selenium suite. Using these components, testers can automate web applications and perform various testing tasks such as functional testing, regression testing, and performance testing.